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Nillion is a private computation and storage network that uses privacy-enhancing technologies to enable secure data processing. It supports use cases like private AI, encrypted databases, and data marketplaces, with its native token $NIL used for fees, staking, and governance.

Zama is an open source cryptography company developing Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) solutions for blockchain, enabling confidential smart contracts and private transactions. It is significant because it brings privacy to blockchain applications without sacrificing composability.

Nym is a decentralized privacy infrastructure that protects internet metadata at the network and application layers. It uses a mixnet to prevent data leakage from packets, ensuring users' online activity remains private. The project is significant for countering mass surveillance and data exploitation by existing protocols.

NEAR Protocol is a sharded, proof-of-stake Layer 1 blockchain designed for scalability and developer usability. It uses Nightshade sharding to achieve high throughput and low transaction fees, while human-readable account names and a robust toolchain make it accessible for building decentralized applications.